高中英语必备基础知识

1. be fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。

He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。

Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗?

He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。

2. hunt for = look for 寻找

I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。

hunt for a job 找工作

3. in order to/so as to：这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.

He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.

In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。

4. care about

1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for

She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。

2）关心 = care for

She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。

3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）

These young people care nothing about what old people might say.

这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。

5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。

She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。

6. drop a line 留下便条, 写封短信

7. make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束

If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。

8. stay up 不睡；熬夜

（1） I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.

我将回家很晚，不要等我了。

（2） He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.

他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。

9. come about 引起；发生；产生

（1）How did the accident come about?

这场事故是怎么发生的？

（2） They didn't know how the change had come about.

他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。

10. except for 除……之外

（1） except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：

①He answered all the questions except the last one.

除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。

②We go there every day except Sunday.

除了星期天，我们天天去那里。

（2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：

①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.

除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。

②Your picture is good except for the colours.

你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。

（3）但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：

He answered all the questions except for the last one.

（4） 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。

We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.

除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。

11. end up with 以……告终；以……结束

The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。

12. more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上

（1） I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.

我差不多成功了，而他们没有。

（2） Our living condition has more or less improved.

我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。

13. bring in 引进；引来；吸收

（1） We should bring in new technology.

我们应该引进新技术。

（2） He brings in 800 dollars a month.

他一个月挣八百美元。

14. get away（from） 逃离

（1The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.

小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。

（2）I caught a really big fish but it got away.

我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。

15. watch out （for）注意；留心

（1）Watch out! There is a car coming.

小心！汽车来了。

（2）Watch out for the hole in the road.

留神路上的那个坑。

16. see sb. off 给某人送行

Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.

明天我到火车站给朋友送行。

17. on the other hand 另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面）

I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.

我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。

18. as well as 和，还

He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.

她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。

19. take place 发生

take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位

take sb’s place 或take the place of 代替、取代

20. on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。catch fire有动态的含意。

set…on fire/set fire to…用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。

Look, the theatre is on fire! Let’s go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。

21. on holiday 在度假，在休假中

When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。

22. travel agency旅行社

=travel bureau

23. take off

1)脱下(衣服等), 解(除)掉

He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。

2）（飞机）起飞

The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。

3）匆匆离开

The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。

24. go wrong v. 走错路, 误入岐途, (机器等)发生故障

25. in all adv. 总共

26. stay away v.外出

27. look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间）

Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查单词。

相关词组：look for 寻找；look after照顾，照料；look forward to期待；look into调查；look on旁观；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻阅，查看，检查；look around环视；look through翻阅，查看。

28. run after 追逐，追求

If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。

29. on the air 广播

We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。

This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。

30. think highly/well/much of对……评价很高, 赞赏, 对……印象好

He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。

I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。

think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好, 好……不在意, 不赞成, 觉得……不怎么样

I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。

31. leave out

1) 漏掉 You made a mistake—You’ve left out a letter “t”.你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t.

2) 删掉, 没用 I haven’t changed or left out a thing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。

32. stare at （由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴，睁大眼睛地）凝视，盯着看

Don’t stare at foreigners. It’s impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。

比较：glare at （to stare angrily at）怒视着

这两个小男孩互相怒视着，随时准备开战。

33. make jokes about 就……说笑

They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。

have a joke with … about…跟某人开关于某事的玩笑。

He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。

play a joke on…开某人的玩笑

We played jokes on each other. 我们互相开玩笑。

v. joke about 取笑 They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英。

34. take over 接管；接替；继承

what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。

Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。

35. break down

1) 破坏；拆散

Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.

人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。

The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)据说和谈破裂了。

2)（机器）损坏 Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。

The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。

3) 失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。

4) 精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。

5) 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。

36. get on one’s feet

1）站起来;站起来发言

2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 经济上独立

3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了; (使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)

37. go through

1) 经历；经受；遭到

These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。

2) 完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。

3）通过；批准 The law has gone through Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项法案。

Their plans went through. 他们的计划得到了批准。

4）全面检查；搜查

They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。

38.take over 接管；接替；继承

what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。

Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。

39. break down

1) 破坏；拆散

Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.

人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。

The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)据说和谈破裂了。

2)（机器）损坏 Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。

The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。

3) 失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。

4) 精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。

5) 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。